ArslanSarwar.org

Category: Globalization

  • Modern Day Communication Via Social Networks Puts an End to True and Sincere Relationships

    Definition

    Modern Day Communication Via Social Networks Puts

    Social interaction states that the interaction between two or more than two persons and the meaningful contact is required for this interaction. For example, the interaction between customer and shopkeeper, the sense of interaction between mother and child as child suckling’ mother. The basic interaction between the public and political conferences.·  Social interaction is basically an order of social action. Social action and social interaction are both processed by the worth of word interaction. Interaction is basically based on social groups, social processes, social fundamentals, and social elements. Social interaction is the interaction that changes attitude and behavior among individuals. Social interaction is the soul of life. It is always action-reaction in nature.

    The Interaction 

    It may be defined as it is the sort of contact between one, two, or more than two persons. It is always reciprocal in nature. It is a stimulus-response reaction.

     Elements of Social Interaction

    Modern Day Communication Via Social Networks Puts
    • Two or more than two persons.
    • The reciprocal relationship between them.
    • Influence on the event, behavior, and brain of an individual.

    These three conditions inter-relate with each other, and convert them into a social group.·

    Types of social interaction

    There are two prominent features of social interaction.

    • Physical interaction
      • Physical interaction in the form of interaction in which physical elements signify like, biting, beating, kissing, pushing, pulling, wrestling, hitting, kicking. Physical interaction is also called direct interaction. Two teams playing and a war between the two groups is the best example of direct or physical interaction.
    • Symbolical interaction
      • Symbolic interaction in the form of interaction the individual uses gestures and language. Language is the basic element of any culture. Interaction is also used in animals and birds. The human communications devised are sharp and effective more than that of animals. There are few examples of symbolic interaction.
    1.  Individuals use instruments to facilitate symbolic interaction like; Telephone, wireless, telegraph, postal system, sea, rail, etc.
    2.  Individuals use gestures for interaction. Deaf and dumb is one of the best examples of symbolic interaction.

    Forms of social interaction

    1. Between individual and individual
    2. Between individual and group
    3. Between-group and group
    4. Between individual and culture

          Social interaction is found in various forms;

    •  Between individuals and individuals is that form of interaction that is found between two persons. That interaction is found in the teacher and student, the mother and child, the customer, and the shopkeeper.
    •  Between individuals and groups is that form of interaction that is found among one and group of people. This sort of interaction is found teacher and students the teacher interacts with numbers of students at a once whole time. The speaker addressing the audience, the Imam leading prayers are the common examples of this interaction. This is one of the distinctive sorts of interactions.
    •  Between-group and group interaction is that interaction in which two teams are ready for matches or two forces are prepared for fighting against each other, two delegates are discussing an issue.
    • Between individual and cultural interaction is that in which people listen to the radio, watch TV, enjoy a movie in the theatre or cinema, listen to the news. This is, in fact, action-reaction interaction. This is reciprocal in nature. People have interactions in this way with mass communication and bring changes in their lives.

    Processes of social interaction

    • Competition
      • Competition is one of the basic processes of social interaction. Nowadays, competition is at the high edge in that era. Every social- culture competes with western societies for up-grading their socio- background and wants to seem superior from others. Thus in the general walk of life, everyone must compete for water and air that are essential for life. For example, in western countries there is always competition occur among high –scale business and industries but in Eastern countries, there is competition arise for the rare value of culture, IZZAT which may be either through economical or social possessions.
    • Conflicts
      • Conflicts take a dominant position in social- interaction. It takes place when members of any party or group actively threaten each other, injuring or destroying each other. Conflict may exist in varying degrees. It may be organized, physical, and intellectual.

    To Be Continued

  • Great Nations Win Without Fighting

    Outlines

    • Introduction
    • Characteristics of the great nation
    • View of Islam
    • History/background 
    • Types of fights
    • Positive effects of avoiding fights
      • Economical
      • Social
      • Political
    • Negative effects of Fights
      • Violence inhibits prosperity
      • Disability in structure makes space for extremists 
    • Great Nations Achieve Goals through Various Aspects 
      • Believing in solving disputes
      • Drawing up policies for minimizing the harm to mankind
      • Establishing good relations with other nations
      • Discouraging confrontation
    • Conclusion 

    Introduction

    A nation is defined as

    “People sharing the same ideology, coherent socio-political unit, and the same objective”

    Nations are continuously struggling for betterment. Those who sustained struggle and hard work became great nations. The reason for their sustainment is that those nations did not fight unnecessarily thus not disturbing their economy. Great nations believe in mutual cooperation and avoiding violence.

    “If everyone fought for their own convictions there would be no war.”

    ― Leo Tolstoy, War, and Peace

    Characteristics of Great Nations

    Great nations are those who are following the laws, indulged in national development rather than fighting or disputing with other countries.

    • Great nations are civilized
    • Great nations are educated
    • Great nations influence working on social welfare
    • Great nation remain coherent with rules and laws set by the government
    • Great nations avoid violence, fights, and wars.
    • Great nations know the aftereffects of wars. 
    • Great nations learn from history and do not repeat the mistakes of past

    Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s motto:

    Unity, faith, and discipline make a nation honorable

    View of Islam

    Islam is the name of peace. Islam word itself derived from “SLM” which means peace. Islam prefers peace as obvious from its verbal meaning. Islam seeks harmony and peace among any society, the ummah and also with the world. If any Muslim society is facing conflict with any other society then they should go for peace first in order to solve that conflict. 

    As stated in a verse of the Quran:

    “ If the enemy inclines towards peace, then you should also incline towards peace and trust in Allah, for He is the One that hears and knows all”

    5:61

    Every teaching of Islam is based on the principle of peace and harmony.

    Hadiths: 

    Hadiths are the verbal messages given by the prophet of Allah. He also spread love, peace, and harmony among the Muslim ummah. 

    World Peace According to Quran:

    “O ye who believe! be steadfast in the cause of Allah, bearing witness in equity; and let not a people’s enmity incite you to act otherwise than with justice. Be always just, that is nearer to righteousness. And fear Allah. Surely, Allah is aware of what you do.”

    (Ch.5 v.9)

    Islam allows war or fights in some specific conditions like for self-defense or when they are expelled out of their homes or lands. Or the other condition is when any defenseless people are exploited or attacked and they ask Muslims to help.  Even for the wars and fights, Islam has set limitations. If the enemy proposes peace, Muslims should immediately stop fights and wars. Muslims are not allowed to force their religious faiths on non-Muslims. 

    The permission to fight in the Quran is only for defensive purposes. A true follower of the Quran is not allowed to initiate war or to kill innocent people.

     For Socio-Economic Purposes:

    “Those who spend in prosperity and adversity, and those who suppress anger and pardon men; and Allah loves those who do good;”

    (Ch.3 v.135)

     And also:

    “And in their wealth was a share for one who asked for help and for one who could not.”

    (Ch.51 v.20)

             And the case of those who spend their wealth to seek the pleasure of Allah and to strengthen their souls is like the case of a garden on elevated ground. Heavy rain falls on it so that it brings forth its fruit twofold. And if heavy rain does not fall on it, then light rain suffices. And Allah sees what you do.” (Ch.2 v.266)

    For Social Purposes:

    “Verily, Allah enjoins justice, and the doing of good to others; and giving like kindred; and forbids indecency, and manifest evil, and wrongful transgression. He admonished you that you may take heed.”

    (Ch.16 v.91)

    Islam prohibits oppression, aggression, fights, wars, and revenge. This is the Islamic point of view which is not represented by the western media.

    History/Background

    World War 1

    World war one began in 1914. It happened due to the assassination of Archduke Franz Franz and lasted till 1918. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan, and the United States(the allied countries or powers).

    • Over 9 Million military soldiers died and 7Million were permanently disabled.
    • It caused the downfall of monarchies for example in Turkey, Germany, Russia, etc.
    • World war imbalance the economical situations of most countries like European countries left in deep debts and made the US industrial power. 
    • The highest inflation rate was observed.
    • The economy of Germany was highly affected as it had to pay for reparations. 
    • Influenza started in that period which later on became epidemic because of troops traveling all over the world.
    • It caused a lot of bitterness amongst the nations. 
    • World war 2 was the biggest after-effect of world war one.

    World war 2

    The main combatants for world war two were Axis powers, Allied powers, and China to a lesser extent. Axis powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan. Allied powers included Great Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

    It lasted from 1939 to 1945.

    • Before world war 2, the world’s population was almost 2 Billion. Almost 80 million people died in this deadliest war out of 2 Billion.
    • It led directly to the cold war over the next five years.
    • This war destroyed a huge amount of properties. Over 1000 billion spent in this war. America also spent 350 billion dollars. It totally destroyed buildings, roads, and infrastructure of the countries which eventually destroyed the whole economy and prosperity of countries.
    • This war led to the emergence of nuclear fission. The uranium bomb dropped on Hiroshima killed more than 140,000 people in one month.

    These factors destroyed the economy of the world.

    Types of Fights

    Different types of fights or wars have been observed yet. 

    • Cold war
      • It is not the direct war that was actually fought. It is mainly the economical, social, political, or military tension between the two countries. For example the war between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991.
    • Colonial war
      • It is basically the term related to many conflicts that arise when foreign powers settle and try to make colonies on overseas territories. For example, the war between armies fought in Asia and Africa.
    • Insurgency 
      • An insurgency is termed as rebellion movement which arises within a country against the present government. The biggest example of insurgency is the US. The United States was formed by an insurgency movement.  
    • War of independence
      • The War of Independence was fought for the sake of liberty or freedom. It is the do or dies situation. 
    • Civil war
      • It is defined as the war between the citizens of the same country. It can happen due to industry vs farming disputes, expansion, slavery, uneven distribution of resources between the citizens, injustice, etc. 
    • Religious war
      • It is the war due to religious issues. The religious issues may be between modern liberals or religious scholars or between sects of a religion.
    • Nuclear war
      • It is the war due to political strategy or military conflict in which nuclear weapons are used.
    • Proxy war 
      • Proxy war can be defined as a war fought between groups or smaller countries that represent the interests of other large powers or have support from them.
    • Range war 
      • It is the type of war usually of violent conflicts. The most examples are the wars fought in the American West in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 
    • Border war
      • It is also referred to as bleeding Kansas. It is also termed a series of violent conflicts. It is fought between free-states or pro-slavery elements. 

    Positive Effects of Avoiding Fights

    The following are various positive aspects of avoiding fights.

    Economical 

    The economy can be defined as a state of a country or a region by making and trading things of value. It may be physical things or services as done by people. It may also define as careful management of sources which are natural reservoirs or human skill development of a country. Basically it is used to measure how states use their resources in order to fulfill their commodities and how they trade them to other states or societies.

    A country or a state faces financial challenges when the resources that are used to improve the economy are being used in war, fights, or conflicts. Thus resources are destroyed. If a country avoids fights and wars this will automatically turn up its economy. The resources, funds, or treasure used for welfare projects. Jobs are provided to people. Unemployment will get off when more jobs or business opportunities will be there for people in a country or state. When people indulge in doing business, the economical growth in a country will be at a higher rate. 

    Political 

    Political stability is also an advantage of avoiding fights or wars. When wars are fought that brings political instability. If the economy of a country is disturbed then it will automatically shatter down political stability. Good governance and political stability play huge roles in avoiding wars and resolving disputes. 

    Social 

    If wars and fights are avoided then those funds can be used for social projects. Those funds can spend on health, education, etc. Social projects for the progress of a country can change the destiny of a nation. A country’s infrastructure can totally be modernized. It helps to eradicate poverty and unemployment. 

    Negative effects of fights

    Violence inhibits prosperity

    great nations win without fighting

    Wars and fights bring destruction. Destruction of everything from natural resources to man made buildings. 

    “The choice is not between violence and nonviolence but between nonviolence and nonexistence.”

    ― Martin Luther King Jr.
    great nations win without fighting

    “If we don’t end the war, war will end us.”

    ― H.G. Wells

    Disability in Structure Makes Space For Extremists

    Wars disrupt the economical, social and political structure of a state. All the policies get muddled due to the disputes. Extremist parties may get space when disputes happen. Extremists are of both types, religious and political. 

    Great nations achieve goals through various aspects

    • Great nations achieve goals by resolving disputes instead of getting into fights or wars. War is not the solution to any problem. As stated by

    War is never a lasting solution to any problem.

    A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
    • The main quality of great nations is that they make up policies in such a way that they do minimum harm to mankind. For example, policies related to the environment.
    • Building good international relations with other countries is also the main feature of great nations.
    • Due to any clash, confrontation should be discouraged. 

    Conclusion 

    War is not a solution. Fighting is not an option. The nations need to understand that time has changed. Fights should be against

    • Poverty
    • Unemployment
    • Diseases
    • Lawlessness
    • Corruption 
    • Extremists
    •  Secratararian
    • Polarization
    • Terrorism
    • Illiteracy in science and technology

    Fights or wars against other nations, states, or countries should be resolved on the table rather than in fields. Different platforms like UNO, SAARC have been formed to encourage table talks. 

    “When the rich wage war it’s the poor who die.”

    ― Jean-Paul Sartre, Le diable et le bon dieu

  • Globalization

    The word globalization is derived from the word globe which casually means the world. Globalization is the interaction of the nations among themselves from individual to government level. It is the interconnection of the countries through technology, goods, services or technology. John Baylis, an international author, and the pro-vice-chancellor of university explains the idea of globalization in three domains. He said that ,

     Globalization is the interconnectedness between the people and countries and these are connected through three domains which are:

    • Social(technology)
    • Economy 
    • Political   

    Outlines : 

    History/background – globalization is not a modern term. It has been practiced from ancient times. People from an early age are also involved in trading and other communication factors. The term globalization has been modernized in the 19th century.

    Theories of globalization – As globalization started, different theories were formed like industrialization, the universality of economic pattern, the cobweb model of world politics, and the theory of international society and the international system. These theories well explain the globalization process.

    Advantages – globalization has various advantages such as the elimination of poverty, employment opportunities, technology improvement, economic boost up, traveling become easy, tourism, free movement of workers, movement of goods, cross-culture, military sharing, the formation of multinational companies or opportunities to other countries, etc.

    Disadvantages – The advantages of globalization include devaluation of the currency, reduction in social expenditure, loans from international institutions, no accountability, no local companies promotion, mismanagement of resources, disease sharing, promote terrorism, westernization, etc.

    Conflicts of globalization – different ideologies have different aspects of globalization. 

    Factors – factors promoting globalization.

    History/Background

    Globalization is the cross-border interaction of people or governments. It was in practice from ancient times but modernized in the 19th century. The examples of ancient interactions are : 

    Silk Route

    Silk route was a historic route for trading purposes from the 2nd century B.C to the 14th century. It connected Asia, Africa, and Europe.

    Globalization

    Discovery of Sea Routes

    Sea routes were discovered in the 14th century by Portuguese explorers under the command of an explorer named Vasco da Gama. This was the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via Cape of Good Hope. The main purpose of the exploring route was trade. 

    Globalization

    Arab traders moved to Ceylon :

    Arabs traded with Ceylon(Sri-lanka) in the 7th century A.D Arabs brought the merchandise and bartered them for spices that Sri-lanka had.  Thus globalization is an ancient term that interconnected people. 

    Globalization in the 19th Century

    During World War 2, 44 allied nations gathered at Mount Washington Hotel These 44 nations signed an agreement named “Bretton Wood agreement” dated 1-22 July 1944. Through this agreement, 3 institutions or departments formed which today is known as: 

    • IMF(international monetary fund)
    • World bank
    • GATT- now known as WTO.

    Another institution formed is UNO in 1945.

    Theories of Globalization: 

    The theory of globalization explains how people of one country connected with the people of another country. 

    Theory of Modernization:

    The theory of modernization explains how industrialization pace up modernization. People in an industry interact with each other and promote modernization.

    The universality of Economic Pattern: 

    As we focus on history, it is obvious that the least developed countries followed the economic pattern of well-developed countries. The theory of universality of economic pattern follows the same rule.

    The Cobweb Model of World Politics:

    The world is connected through different issues like poverty, UNO, terrorism, global warming. So the countries are connected like the cobweb model which promotes globalization.

    The International Society and International System:

    International society is the association of state and how they interact with each other(in a society). The international system is the idea that influences the whole international society. For example in the cold war, some countries adopted the pattern of democracy and some countries adopted the pattern of communism. 

    Advantages of Globalization

    • Due to globalization rate of poverty decreases in a country as there will be more sources of employment. 
    • Technology sharing among countries bring revolutionary changes regarding employment and economic purposes. 
    • People can move easily from one country to another as transportation becomes so easy and people are more interconnected with each other.
    • Tourists can easily travel to the whole world.
    • McDonald’s is a European fast-food company that is now serving in many countries. It is just due to globalization.
    • It promotes cross culturing. When people travel and interconnect with each other than cross culturing of dresses, sports, ideas, languages seems to happen.
    • Military exercising with other countries. Suppose a country does not have an idea about military exercise then another country shares its military to teach them.
    • Multinational companies also increase the interconnectedness which provides sources of employment. 
    • More opportunities-for example KSA is rich in oil while Pakistan is an agricultural country. So trading between agricultural products and oil is also the advantage of globalization.

    Disadvantages

    • Devaluation of currency- it occurs due to free trade. It is supposed to devalue the products of a country to increase the sales which eventually reaches the point where the currency will lose its value in the international market. For example that of Zimbabwe.
    • A reduction in social expenditure is on health, education, social life. And it is a major disadvantage. 
    • The loan from the international institution- IMF provides loans to the countries which in turn impose policies of their own will in that country.
    • Globalization in Russia, 1986- globalization dramatically affected Russia and Russia completely lost its economy in 1989. 
    • No accountability-globalization is the only international system that has no accountability.
    • Formation of multinational countries- it is actually a loss to 3rd world countries.  The multinational companies will enjoy national treatment in the free trade system that is a major loss to local businesses. 
    • Mis-management of resources- the industries or companies formed in a country will mismanage their resources.
    • Disease sharing- diseases spread easily due to the interconnectedness of people. Coronavirus is a major example of globalization. People are now forced to live quarantined. 
    • Supports terrorism- for example, a country is facing any terrorist activity then the interconnected country may also face terrorism due to interconnected borders.
    • Westernization 
    • Globalization prevails mostly by the west that influences the culture of the west.

    Ideologies

    Idealism ideology-  It supports globalization which promotes peace.
    Realist ideology- If globalization is in the favor of the state then do it.
    Marxist ideology- Marxist condemn globalization. According to them, it is a western policy to impose their values
    Reza shah pahlavi- He wanted to promote modernization but not succeeded and the revolutionary changes occurred in that era.

    Factors Promoting Globalization:

    • International organization- world bank, IMF, UNO
    • Multinational corporation- coca-cola, McDonald’s.
    • International media- CNN, BBC, Al-Jazeera.

    Conclusion: 

    Thus globalization has both advantages and disadvantages. A country cannot be isolated if it does not interact with any other country either for sports, economical, political or due to any other factor.  So globalization can be adopted but in a useful sense that will not disturb the economical, political or social structure of a country.